Want to know how to use quotation marks correctly? Using quotes incorrectly can be an embarrassing mistake and may confuse your reader. Quotation marks, also referred to as ‘inverted commas’, serve various purposes in writing. There are common quotation marks rules that you need to follow when using them in a sentence.
Knowing these rules will also help you avoid common grammar and punctuation errors that can occur when using quotation marks. In this article, we will discuss the basics of using quotation marks for dialogue, titles, and when citing sources. With these simple tips, you’ll soon be mastering the art of adding quotations accurately to any piece of writing!
10 Quotation Marks Rules
Rule 1: Always Utilize Quotation Marks for Direct Quotes
Direct quotes are any exact words from a speech or a written document that you use in your own piece of writing. When putting a direct quote into your paper, which is anything more than three words long, use double quotation marks (“) around it.
For examples:
- The teacher asked the class, “What is the capital of France?”
- In the novel, the protagonist declares, “I will never give up on my dreams!”
- The news article reported, “The company plans to hire 500 new employees this year.”
Rule 2: Place Punctuation Inside the Quotation Marks
The general rule with punctuation is that you should place periods as well as commas inside the quotation marks. This applies whether you’re using single or double quotations. In American English, colons and semicolons always go outside quotation marks.
For examples:
Incorrect usage:
- She said, “I don’t like chocolate”!
- The article stated that “The sun is a star”,.
- The teacher asked, “Who wrote ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’?” ;
Correct usage:
- She said, “I don’t like chocolate!”
- The article stated that “The sun is a star.”
- The teacher asked, “Who wrote ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’?”
Rule 3: Use Single Inquotes For Titles
When quoting titles of books, stories, articles, songs, and TV episodes (or any other source), surround them with single quotation marks (‘). Don’t forget to capitalize all words as normal within the title too—but not inside the single quotes!
For examples:
- I recently read ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ by Harper Lee.
- In the TV episode ‘The One Where Everybody Finds Out’, the characters discover a secret.
- The article ‘The Benefits of Yoga’ explains how yoga can improve your health.
- The song ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’ by Queen is a classic rock anthem.
- I love the short story ‘The Lottery’ by Shirley Jackson.
Rule 4: Use Double Quotes for Quoting in Dialogues
When quoting something in dialogue or conversation in your writing, use a pair of double quotes gerardly (“). This alerts the reader that what follows is spoken language from one particular character. You can also contain internal dialogue within the same set of double quotes if necessary.
For examples:
- “I can’t believe you said that,” she exclaimed.
- “What time is the meeting?” he asked.
- “I’m sorry,” she whispered.
- “I don’t know what to do,” he admitted.
- “I love this song,” she said as the music played.
Rule 5: Place Comma Outside But Periods Inside
This rule just reiterates what was said before about punctuation but additionally applies to long quotations over several sentences where there may be a comma after the first sentence before continuing onto the next sentence/s in dialogue. Make sure any comma appears outside of the closing quote mark but the period remains inside the remaining quote mark i.e “period”.
For examples:
- “I don’t know what you’re talking about,” she said, shaking her head.
- “Let’s meet at the park,” he suggested, “and then we can go for a walk.”
- “The best time to plant a tree,” he once said, “was twenty years ago. The second-best time is now.”
- “I’m not sure if I can make it tonight,” she texted, “but I’ll let you know soon.”
- “You can’t always get what you want,” sang Mick Jagger, “but if you try sometimes, you just might find, you get what you need.”
Rule 6: Reference The Source Properly If Not Already Cited In the Text
If you are directly quoting someone else’s work then always reference them properly according to whichever style sheet your academic institution recommends; MLA format or APA format is the two most commonly used. Make sure you give credit where credit is due!
For examples:
- According to Smith (2019), “The internet has changed the way we communicate with each other.”
- In his book, Johnson (2005) argues that “Love is the most powerful force in the universe.”
- “It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change” (Darwin, 1859).
- As stated by the American Heart Association (2022), “Regular physical activity can help you maintain a healthy weight and lower your risk of chronic diseases.”
Rule 7: Italicize / Underline Any Longer Terms Or Words That Don’t Fit on Quote Mark
If there’s an awkwardly long phrase or a word within a quote then it’s better to leave no room for confusion; underline only that word/phrase instead of tiring out the reader by having to read the line twice since one will not fit properly on either single/double inverted commas anyways.
For examples:
- “As Shakespeare wrote in his play Macbeth, ‘Out, out, brief candle!'”
- “The study found that ‘participants who completed the full 12-week program experienced significant improvements in their overall well-being,’ which included both physical and mental health.”
- “According to the dictionary definition, ‘a paradox is a statement or proposition that, despite sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory.'”
- “In her article, Dr. Jones discusses the concept of ‘post-traumatic growth,’ which refers to positive changes in one’s life following a traumatic experience.”
Rule 8: Close Internal Quotes With Closing Markers
When making internal quotations make sure all quotes have their own closing marker – single or double inverted commas at the end of each independent thought.
For examples:
- “As Martin Luther King Jr. famously said, ‘Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that,'” she reminded her friend.
- “I can’t believe she said, ‘I never said that!’ when we all heard her say it,” he recounted to his coworker.
- “According to the article, ‘Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower,'” she summarized for her team.
- “My favorite line from the movie was when he said, ‘Life moves pretty fast. If you don’t stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it,'” she reminisced to her friend.
Rule 9: Using Nested Optional Quotes
If required, idea layout allows it; you can nest optional quotes one inside different without reason going awry by doing this. Just pay close attention to placement markers clearly distinguishing the intention each quote represented and avoid ambiguous confusion down line.
For examples:
- “As John F. Kennedy said in his inaugural address, ‘Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.’ His message of service and sacrifice is still relevant today,” the teacher explained to her students.
- “In his essay, ‘Self-Reliance,’ Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote, ‘Society is a wave. The wave moves onward, but the water of which it is composed does not.’ He uses this metaphor to illustrate his belief in the importance of individuality and non-conformity,” the student wrote in her paper.
- “The article cites a study that found that ‘people who spent more time in nature reported higher levels of happiness and well-being.’ This supports the idea that being in nature can have a positive impact on mental health,” the researcher concluded.
Rule 10: Double Check Your Work Before Submitting
No matter which types of inverted commas are being used; always review over entire text to avoid mistakes time errors! Reviewing is a great way to stop yourself from slipping up bad syntax and unfitting usage and prevent negative feedback projects!
For examples:
- “He said, ‘I think you’re doing a great job!’ Wait, did I forget to close the quote? Let me double-check before submitting.”
- “The article states, ‘According to a recent survey, 80% of people prefer coffee over tea.’ Did I italicize ‘survey’ and put the comma inside the quote mark? Let me double-check before submitting.”
- “In the book, the character says, ‘I can’t believe she did that.’ Did I use single quotes for the title and double quotes for the dialogue? Let me double-check before submitting.”
Quotation Marks Rules: FAQs
When should I use single quotation marks instead of double quotation marks?
Single quotation marks are usually used to indicate a quotation within a quotation. For example: “He said, ‘I read the article titled ’10 Rules for Using Quotation Marks Perfectly’.'”
How do I punctuate quotes that are interrupted by other text?
If the interruption comes in the middle of a sentence, use an ellipsis (…) to show where the interruption occurred. For example: “She said, ‘I was going to…oh never mind.'”
Should punctuation always be placed inside quotation marks?
In most cases, yes. Commas and periods are usually placed inside quotation marks, but colons and semicolons are placed outside.
Wrapping Up
In conclusion, by following these 10 quotation marks rules, writers can convey their intended meaning with clarity and precision. Whether enclosing direct quotes, indicating sarcasm or irony, or using quotes to define terms, each rule serves a distinct purpose in written communication. By mastering the use of quotation marks, writers can elevate their writing and convey their message effectively to readers.
Related Links
- Punctuation: Definition and Rules of Different Types | Helpful Examples
- Question Mark | Interesting Facts about Question Marks in English
- What is A Full Stop? Useful Examples of Full Stop
- How to Master the Use of Quotation Marks
- An Easy Guide to Using the Comma Right Every Time
- Linking Verbs: Definition, Form, Usage and Examples - August 30, 2024
- Compound Adjectives: Definition, Types and Examples - August 30, 2024
- Interrogative Adjectives: Definition, Usage, and Examples - August 29, 2024